Compressed natural gas (CNG) has been used as a vehicle fuel
for decades. At present, about 5 million vehicles are estimated to be running
on CNG worldwide. Many countries including India and Bangladesh don’t have any
indigenous substitute for gasoline and they lack proper gas infrastructure, but
still they sell CNG at lower prices compared to Pakistan despite importing
liquefied natural gas (LNG) and paying for conversion for its use in vehicles.
As a policy, US and many EU countries have been promoting
the use of gas to reduce reliance on imported fossil fuels due to uncertainty
in the supply chain and to save foreign exchange.
Pakistan became the largest consumer of CNG in the world in
2011, overtaking Iran, Argentina and Brazil in the number of vehicles using gas
as fuel and replacing the more polluting fuels. With 21% of vehicles converted
to CNG, Pakistan is way ahead of India that has little over one million
vehicles converted to CNG, Italy which has 730,000 vehicles on CNG and China
450,000.
In 1964, average daily supply of natural gas in Pakistan was
around 47 million cubic feet per day, which now stands at 3,800 mmcfd.
Natural gas is also a fuel of choice for power generation
due to it being cheap, environment-friendly and high efficiency of gas
turbine-based combined cycle equipment.
Natural gas is a dominant fuel, accounting for 47% of the
primary energy demand in 2007. Since 2000, natural gas and petroleum are the
main sources of energy, accounting for 50% and 29% of the energy consumption
respectively. Nevertheless, the consumption of petroleum products is decreasing
because of increase in their prices.
As natural gas is the cheap and cleaner alternative energy
source, it is important and timely to investigate the linkage between gas
consumption and economic growth. Pakistan needs to ensure that this source of
energy is able to cater to the growing demand.
However, the gas demand and supply projections indicate a
gap of around 1,700 mmcfd, so any commitment of additional gas supplies to
industries in the long run seems to be impossible.
This may be possible through IP and TAPI gas pipelines,
which could take a considerable time. To cover this gap, an alternative is LNG
import, for which there are plans to bring 3.5 million tons per annum (around
500 mmcfd).
Pakistan has a huge potential to attract foreign investment
in gas import projects as demand for energy increases consistently and existing
infrastructure for gas distribution promises maximum profits.
It is imperative that an appropriate natural gas policy is
framed to improve energy efficiency that aids economic growth. Being one of the
largest users of condensed natural gas, Pakistan should also increase
investment in infrastructure and technology development.
It should intensify private-public partnership which ensures
a more reliable supply of gas, operational efficiency and better distribution.
A commitment to increasing gas exploration, attracting investment and providing
incentives would ensure sustainable supply of gas to propel the economy. This
would also ensure that the price for locally produced gas is kept at an
affordable level.
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